Mango

Mangifera indica

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The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a diploid fruit species (2n=40) belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, native to India. It is widely grown in tropical and subtropical climates and represents one of the most important fruit crops globally.

Floral Biology: Mango trees are large, evergreen, and tropical, growing 10 to 40 meters tall with broad or upright canopies. The flowers are borne in dense inflorescences, consisting of both male and hermaphroditic flowers, which support cross-pollination. Mature trees produce up to 1000 inflorescences, each with thousands of flowers.
Varieties and Characteristics: Mango comes in over 50 varieties with diverse characteristics, including variations in color (greenish, yellowish, reddish), size, shape, and taste. Its fruit has a leathery, protective skin that turns pale green, yellow, or red when mature, depending on the cultivar.
Geographic Production: Mangoes are cultivated in over 103 countries across tropical and subtropical regions. Key producers include India, the largest global producer, along with countries like Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil.
Nutritional and Medicinal Importance: Mango is rich in polyphenols, particularly mangiferin, which exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antidiabetic properties. The fruit's dietary fiber and polyphenols contribute to intestinal health and the prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases.